Ecobarrios Resilientes: Estrategias de urbanismo adaptativo en urbanizaciones cerradas de Vía a la Costa, Guayaquil. Caso de estudio: Barrio Etapa I, urbanización Porto Alegre.

Abstract

This research analyzes the technical and social obsolescence of gated communities in Guayaquil, focusing on Porto Alegre Phase I in the face of the critical challenges posed by the climate crisis and the recurring national energy deficit. The central objective is to establish a neighborhood transformation model that enables the transition from a “bedroom community”characterized by segregation and automobile dependence toward a “Co-created Eco-neighborhood” capable of self-managing its own resilience and autonomy. The methodology is based on a systemic triangulation that positions the social reality of Guayaquil as the central axis and starting point for urban intervention. This approach is reinforced by the social participation theoretical framework of Velázquez and Verdaguer, allowing the local knowledge of residents to validate the technical tools and ecosystemic urbanism indicators proposed by Salvador Rueda. Through participatory diagnoses and a focal group with key stakeholders, the reality of the existing infrastructure was quantified, detecting severe vulnerabilities in universal accessibility, thermal discomfort due to the loss of vegetal mass, and a high dependence on the public electrical grid. The results confirm that the active integration of the inhabitants into the technical process optimizes the viability of the proposed strategies, highlighting the reconfiguration of the road profile at the boundaries and the implementation of solar energy autonomy systems as urgent solutions in the current context. It is concluded that resilience in these sectors is not an aesthetic aspiration but a necessity for survival that can only be achieved through a design cycle that permanently connects technical metrics with social validation.