Prevalencia de caries dental en niños con capacidades diferentes y sus factores de riesgo asociados, de la Unidad Educativa Especializada Fiscomisional “Juan Pablo II” en Esmeraldas.

Abstract

Dental caries is a disease considered to be more prevalent worldwide in children, adolescents, youth and adults, early care would allow it to be treated effectively. Objective: Prevalence of dental caries in children with disabilities and their associated risk factors, from the "Juan Pablo II" Fiscomisional Specialized Educational Unit in Esmeraldas. Methods: Data collection from a sample of 89 students, through Microsoft Forms record questionnaires, information on age, gender, type of disability, oral hygiene habits, and socioeconomic status was collected. The stratification survey on Socioeconomic Level prepared by INEC. Oral hygiene was measured through the CPO index (Decayed, Los and Filled) for permanent dentition and ceo (decayed, extracted and filled) for temporary dentition and were also weighted in a table, as healthy and unhealthy. Results: 71% of the participants presented dental caries, both in deciduous, permanent or mixed dentition, and 29% presented absence of dental caries; The type of disability with the highest prevalent of dental caries was intellectual with 51%. The most prevalent age range was between 15 anode 18 years. The gender with the highest prevalence of dental caries is the male with 38% anode the female with 33% of the total population. The socioeconomic level with the highest percentage was C- (lower middle) with 40%. The existing relationship of 65% of unhealthy hygiene habits. Conclusions: The prevalence of dental caries in children with disabilities was moderate with an average of 2.7, which corresponds to 71% of the total number of the population examined. Range of highest prevalence from 16 to 18 years, due to the lack of supervision of the elderly as well as the type of intellectual disability that presented the highest prevalence of cavities, since they are people who must have help to carry out tasks. They are children from low-income families, lacking dental care and adequate supplies, which leads to poor hygiene habits and poor oral health results.