Caracterización de los resultados perinatales en neonatos de madres con Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana atendidos en el Hospital Liborio Panchana Sotomayor entre el 2023 al 2025.

Abstract

Introduction: Vertical transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus has decreased with antiretroviral therapy and prevention strategies, although it remains present in specific contexts. In Ecuador, documented cases persist and are associated with adverse maternal and infant outcomes, which is why the World Health Organization proposes a comprehensive preventive and early therapeutic approach. Objective: To determine the characteristics of perinatal outcomes in neonates exposed to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus treated at the Liborio Panchana Sotomayor Hospital between 2023 and 2025. Methodology: A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study of mixed design. Results: Vertical transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus was 5.7%, with a predominance of secondary education (50.50%), maternal age of 26.24 ± 6.055 years, and an average of 5.80 ± 1.92 prenatal visits. 59% of cases were diagnosed before pregnancy. The viral load had a mean of 7253.99 copies/mL and a median of 83, with 89.50% being undetectable. CD4 counts were 522.50 ± 193.989 cells/mm³. Neonatal outcomes included respiratory complications in 8.60%, oxygen requirements in 27.60%, and fetal mortality in 2.90%. Conclusion: Vertical transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus was low, with adequate virological suppression and prenatal control, although cases with neonatal complications and maternal immunovirological variability persist.