Enfermedades de transmisión sexual en pacientes con parto pretérmino de 20 a 30 años atendidas en el Hospital General Monte Sinaí 2024-2025.

Abstract

According to the World Health Organization, preterm birth is defined as the delivery of a live newborn before completing 37 weeks of gestation, representing one of the major public health challenges worldwide. Its occurrence is associated with multiple risk factors, many of which are preventable, including inadequate prenatal care, low educational level, and unfavorable socioeconomic conditions. Among the most common causes are hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, premature rupture of membranes, and especially sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In Ecuador, this issue has shown a progressive increase, influenced by limited access to healthcare services and education. Consequently, the Ministry of Public Health has promoted strategies such as the ESAMYN regulation to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of STIs in patients aged 20 to 30 years with preterm birth treated at Hospital General Monte Sinaí during the 2024–2025 period. A cross-sectional, retrospective, and descriptive design was used, based on the analysis of 180 medical records. The results showed that 72% of patients presented at least one STI, with Chlamydia trachomatis (45.8%) being the most frequent, followed by syphilis (17.6%). Other infections such as HIV, HPV, gonorrhea, and hepatitis B showed lower prevalence. It is concluded that there is a significant association between STIs and preterm birth, influenced by sociodemographic and behavioral factors, highlighting the need to strengthen prevention, early diagnosis, and adequate treatment during pregnancy.