Prevalencia de complicaciones neurológicas en pacientes con traumatismo craneoencefálico atendidos en el Hospital León Becerra de Milagro en el periodo 2023 al 2025.

Abstract

and mortality worldwide, particularly among young populations. Neurological complications resulting from TBI represent a significant concern due to their impact on clinical outcomes, functionality, and quality of life. Objective: To determine the prevalence of neurological complications in patients with traumatic brain injury treated at León Becerra Hospital in Milagro during the period 2023–2025. Methods: An observational, descriptive, and cross- sectional study was conducted. A total of 238 adult patients diagnosed with TBI were included through medical record review. Data analysis was performed using Excel, applying measures of central tendency and frequency distributions. Results: 37.8% (n=90) of the patients experienced neurological complications. These were observed more frequently in cases of severe TBI (85.5%) compared with moderate (35.9%) and mild (14.3%) cases. Regarding general characteristics, 75.2% of the patients were male and 74.8% resided in urban areas; furthermore, 47.1% had a secondary education level. Regarding the severity of the injury, mild TBI was the most common (44.1%), followed by moderate (32.8%) and severe (23.1%). In terms of the type of complications, the most frequent were seizures and cognitive disorders (8.4% each), followed by focal deficits (7.6%). Conclusion: Neurological complications are common in patients with TBI and increase with the severity of the injury, highlighting the importance of early identification and timely management.