Relación entre la duración de la ventilación mecánica y la aparición de NAVM por patógenos multirresistentes en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital General Dr. Liborio Panchana Sotomayor en el periodo octubre 2025 – marzo 2026.

Abstract

Introduction: Mechanical ventilation contributes to bacterial colonization. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) has a high morbidity and mortality rate in critically ill patients. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics in the COVID-19 pandemic increased cases of nosocomial pneumonia due to multidrug-resistant pathogens. Timely detection and treatment is a challenge in the Intensive Care Unit. Objectives: To estimate the relationship between the duration of mechanical ventilation and the occurrence of VAP due to multidrug-resistant pathogens in the Intensive Care Unit of the Dr. Liborio Panchana Sotomayor General Hospital in the period October 2025 – March 2026. Methodology: This is an analytical, correlational, prospective and longitudinal study. The population is made up of 302 patients with mechanical ventilation admitted to the Intensive Care Unit for non-respiratory causes. Patients were followed in real time. Results: Staphylococcus aureus MRSA (25%) is the most common pathogen with antibiotic resistance. Obesity (OR= 30.41), admission to the ICU for endocrinological diseases such as T2DM (OR=4.01), duration of mechanical ventilation ≥ 7 days (OR=8.83) and hospital stay ≥ 15 days (OR=17.15) are risk factors with a significant association. Patients on mechanical ventilation ≥ 7 days are at increased risk of developing pneumonia. An APACHE II score ≥ 20 is a predictor of severity. Conclusion: There is a proportional relationship between the duration of mechanical ventilation and the occurrence of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation due to multidrug-resistant pathogens.