Prevalencia de lesiones periapicales radiopacas observadas en radiografías bidimensionales en centro radiológico UCSG año 2024.

Abstract

Introduction: Periapical radiopaque lesions are a relevant finding on radiographs; although they are less common, their correct interpretation is essential in the differential diagnosis. These lesions are identified near the apex of teeth and are linked to periapical bone responses to chronic stimuli such as irreversible pulpitis, pulp necrosis, or periodontal tissue inflammation. Objective: To establish the prevalence of radiopaque periapical lesions observed on two-dimensional radiographs at a UCSG radiology center in 2024. Materials and methods: This study is qualitative, cross-sectional, and retrospective. A total of 1,130 radiographs were collected from patients who attended the UCSG radiology center during 2024, yielding a sample of 212 images for the study. Results: The results obtained were: 79 panoramic radiographs (37.26%) were male and 133 panoramic radiographs (62.74%) were female. Periapical condensing osteitis has a frequency of 66 radiographs (31.13%), idiopathic osteosclerosis 45 (21.23%), generalized diffuse hypercementosis 25 (11.79%), localized diffuse hypercementosis 57 (26.89%), generalized sleeve hypercementosis 1 (0.47%), localized sleeve hypercementosis 5 (2.36%), generalized focal hypercementosis 6 (2.83%), localized focal hypercementosis 7 (3.30%). Conclusions: Identifying radiopaque lesions in radiographic studies is highly relevant in research and academia. These lesions can reflect active and benign inflammatory processes, as well as dysplastic or neoplastic disorders. This study will help monitor, treat, and prevent potential iatrogenic events, leading to better therapeutic decisions using radiographic diagnoses, a methodology that will identify key parameters for each case.