Análisis comparativo del impacto de la inclusión financiera digital y tradicional en la autonomía económica de las mujeres en Guayaquil.

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the extent to which access to and use of financial services can foster women’s economic empowerment. The study is based on a dataset constructed from local surveys and is complemented with econometric analysis tools and machine learning methods. Methodologically, Logit regression models were applied to identify clear and quantifiable relationships through odds ratios, marginal effects, and performance metrics. Additionally, a complementary artificial neural network model based on a multilayer perceptron was incorporated. This methodological combination made it possible to contrast traditional statistical interpretations with more flexible, non-linear approaches. The findings show that digital financial inclusion particularly electronic payments, financial education, and digital transfers constitutes the main driver of women’s economic autonomy in Guayaquil. In contrast, traditional financial mechanisms, such as holding credit cards or accessing formal loans, did not exhibit significant effects, while having a bank account and applying for credit showed a differentiated impact, although of lower magnitude. Likewise, it was found that sociodemographic factors, such as the number of children, age, and marital status, significantly influence the relationship between financial inclusion and autonomy, revealing that this relationship is also mediated by the life cycle and family context. Overall, the results highlight the importance of promoting public policies and financial strategies oriented toward digitalization and financial education, while simultaneously considering the social and demographic diversity of women. In this way, the study contributes to fostering a more equitable and effective process of financial inclusion, which translates into greater economic autonomy and well-being for women in the city.