Frecuencia del síndrome de ovario poliquístico en usuarias que asisten a consulta externa de un hospital de la ciudad de Guayaquil.

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome represents a significant public health problem due to its high prevalence in young women and the multiple associated metabolic, reproductive, and psychological complications. Objective: To determine the frequency of polycystic ovary syndrome in patients attending the outpatient clinic of a hospital in Guayaquil. Methodological design: Descriptive, quantitative, retrospective, and cross-sectional study. Population: 149 women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome. Technique: Indirect observation. Instrument: Data collection matrix. Results: The most representative age group was 20 to 30 years, accounting for 40%. 54% lived in urban areas, and 47% were mixed-race. Forty percent of the patients reached menarche at age 11. Among the most common symptoms, hirsutism was identified in 20% of cases and alopecia in 17%, demonstrating a predominance of hyperandrogenism. Regarding causes, excess androgens were reported in 34% of cases, followed by insulin resistance in 20%. The most frequent complications were metabolic, such as type 2 diabetes in 26.85%, reproductive, such as infertility in 13.42%, and psychological, such as low self-esteem in 13.42%. Conclusion: The month with the most frequency of polycystic ovary syndrome in 2024 was in October representing 16% affects young women in urban areas, with clinical manifestations marked by hyperandrogenism. It can lead to multiple complications that compromise the overall health of patients, highlighting the need for a multidisciplinary and preventive approach.