Análisis de factores biomecánicos asociados al valgo dinámico en el back squat de atletas de powerlifting.

Abstract

The back squat in powerlifting is a squat where the bar is positioned on the upper back. Its execution involves flexion of the hips and knees until the thighs are parallel to the floor or lower, followed by extension. OBJECTIVE: Determine the biomechanical factors associated with dynamic knee valgus during the back squat in powerlifting athletes, evaluating mobility and stability in the hip, knee, and ankle to identify deficiencies that affect alignment and performance. METHODOLOGY: Mobility tests such as the Lunge test, Wells test and Thomas test were applied, in addition to **goniometry and dynamometry** to measure hip strength. KINOVEA was used to analyze the technique and detect deviations in knee alignment. RESULTS: Limited dorsiflexion mobility was evident in the ankles (<5 cm in 47.5% according to the Lunge test), low flexibility in the hamstrings (80% with poor results in the Wells test) and 75% with weakness in hip stabilizers according to the Thomas test. Dynamometry showed a 50% reduction in leg strength and knee valgus occurred in 55 athletes (10- 11 cm). CONCLUSION: The results show deficiencies in the execution of the back squat, highlighting the need to implement prophylactic programs to correct biomechanical failures and prevent injuries.