Caracterización del embarazo múltiple en pacientes del área Materno-Infantil en el Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo en el periodo 2021-2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Multiple pregnancies are defined as the simultaneous development of two or more fetuses. They are classified by zygosity, chorionicity and amnionicity. The recent increase in multiple pegnancies may be linked to assisted reproductive techniques. These pregnancies involve greater risks and complications for both the mother and the fetuses,making it essential o study and improve their management. This study analyzes 92 cases of multiple pregnancies to explore associated characteristics and complicacions. Methodology: This is a descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional, observational and retrospective study, carried out using qualitative análisis of medical records from the Maternal-Child área of the Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo between 2021 and 2023. Results: A total of 92 92 patients were analyzed. The most common maternal complications were recurrent urinary tract infections (23.9%), preeclampsia (20.7%), gestational diabetes (5.4%), premature rupture of membranas (16.3%), anemia (17.4%), threatened preterm labor (2.2%), corioamnionitis (2.2%) and placenta previa (1.1%). Amongst the fetal complications prematurity was the most frequent, of all the patients, 57.6% underwent cesarean sections before 37 weeks. 12% presented intrauterine growth restriction, 12% presented oligohydramios and twin to twin transfusión syndrome was evidenced in 4.3% of patients. Conclusión: Multiple pregnancies are high-risk and require specialized care. The most common complications were preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction. Early detection and proper treatment are key to improving outcomes and reducing risks.