Determinación de perfiles de resistencia antifimica en pacientes con tuberculosis hospitalizados en el área de neumología del Hospital General Guasmo Sur desde enero de 2021 hasta diciembre de 2022.

Abstract

The study addressed tuberculosis, a highly prevalent infectious disease worldwide, focusing its analysis on drug resistance patterns in patients hospitalized in the pulmonology area of the Hospital General Guasmo Sur. Objective: To determine the patterns of drug resistance in these patients and their correlation with HIV co-infection. Methodology: A retrospective, descriptive, and correlational study was conducted on a sample of 769 patients diagnosed with tuberculosis between January 2021 and December 2022. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests to evaluate the association between HIV and drug resistance. Results: It was found that 76.59% of the patients were male, with the highest incidence in the 21 to 30-year age group. A total of 21.97% of the patients developed some form of drug resistance, with isoniazid resistance being the most common (14.95%). Monoresistance was the most prevalent pattern (48.52%), followed by multidrug resistance (27.22%). Additionally, a strong association was observed between HIV co-infection and drug resistance, with 87.57% of resistant patients being HIV-positive. Conclusions: The results underscore the need to strengthen treatment adherence, develop specific protocols for MDR-TB, and ensure integrated management of HIV/TB co-infection to improve health outcomes and reduce the burden of resistant tuberculosis.