Prevalencia del estado hiperosmolar hiperglucémico en pacientes del Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo durante el año 2021.

Abstract

Introduction: Hyperglycemic emergencies are life-threatening complications of diabetes mellitus and include both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS), formerly known as hyperosmotic nonketonic hyperglycemic state. These emergencies can occur in both insulin- dependent diabetics and non-insulin-dependent diabetics. Objective: Determine the prevalence of the Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital during the year 2021, establish age groups, identify precipitating factors, compare the number of admissions, and estimate mortality. Methodology: The present study is analytical, cross-sectional, retrospective, and observational in nature to establish the prevalence of Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar states in patients treated at the Dr Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital. Results: More than half of the patients admitted for emergency at the HTMC were men (56.4%), while women accounted for 43.6%. A high percentage of patients have extremely high blood glucose levels, greater than 600 mg/dL, which underlines the severity of hyperosmolar hyperglycemia. Conclusions: The hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state affected men (56.4%) more than women in 2021 at the Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital, highlighting the need for prevention strategies for both genders. The highest risk groups were patients aged 51-70 years, due to the greater susceptibility to serious complications in older people. Severe hyperglycemia, present in 88.9% of cases, underlines the importance of strict glucose control. Furthermore, infections, especially of the urinary tract, were the main precipitating factors, and the mortality rate was 39%, reflecting the risk of this condition.