Factores de riesgo asociados a ruptura del ligamento cruzado anterior en pacientes mayores de 20 años en el Hospital Alcívar durante el 2021 al 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: The research was carried out at the Alcívar Clinic during the period between 2021 and 2023, with the purpose of identifying risk factors linked to rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in people over 20 years of age. This pathology is common in individuals who maintain a high level of physical activity, especially in athletes, which underlines its importance in the field of sports medicine and orthopedics. Objective: To identify the risk factors that influence ACL rupture in adults, considering aspects such as sociodemographic characteristics, the type of sport practiced, frequency of sports activity, and history of previous knee injuries. Methodology: A retrospective, cross-sectional, and observational research approach was adopted, based on the review of clinical records, imaging reports, and demographic data of the patients. For statistical analysis, correlation and chi-square tests were used to identify significant relationships between the variables considered. Results: The findings revealed that individuals aged between 31 and 50 years, particularly women, have a higher incidence of ACL ruptures. It was also found that sports involving high physical demand, such as football and basketball, are closely related to an increased risk of severe injuries. Additionally, having a history of previous knee injuries significantly increases the likelihood of experiencing a new ACL rupture. Conclusions: The study highlighted the importance of implementing specific prevention programs and developing rehabilitation protocols tailored to the needs of the patients to reduce the recurrence rate of ACL injuries, thereby improving health outcomes and the quality of life of those affected.