Caracterización de gestantes con sepsis de 18 a 45 años ingresadas en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Maternos del Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil en el periodo de enero 2022 a mayo 2024.

Abstract

Introduction: Sepsis is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality globally, especially in resource-limited countries. In Latin America, it contributes to 15% of maternal deaths, reflecting deficiencies in prenatal care and emergency response. In Ecuador, it continues to be an important cause of admission to Maternal Intensive Care Units (MICU). This study aims to characterize pregnant women with sepsis aged 18 to 45 years admitted to the ICU of the Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil between January 2022 and May 2024. Methodology: Descriptive, observational, retrospective and cross- sectional study based on data from medical records of pregnant women admitted to the ICU of the Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil between January 2022 and May 2024. The data, provided by the hospital's statistics department, were analyzed with SPSS using frequencies, percentages and measures of central tendency. Results: The study included 67 pregnant women with sepsis, with a prevalence of 23%. The majority were between 26 and 35 years old (50.7%) and of middle socioeconomic level. The 43.3% were admitted postpartum. The most common comorbidities were obesity (46.3%) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (19.4%). Urinary tract infection was the most frequent (55.2%), with the genitourinary tract as the main site of infection. The main complications were preterm delivery (28.35%) and septic shock (20.9%). Conclusion: Sepsis in pregnant women in the UCIM presents a high prevalence, affecting mainly young women of middle socioeconomic level with poor prenatal control. Urinary tract infection is the most common, and preterm delivery is the main complication.