Prevalencia de glomerulonefritis postestreptocócica aguda en pacientes de 4 a 14 años del Hospital “Dr. Francisco Icaza Bustamante” del periodo 2022-2024.

Abstract

Introduction: Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APGN) is the most common form of glomerulonephritis in pediatrics, affecting mainly children aged 4 to 14 years, with higher incidence in boys. Globally, 97% of cases occur in underdeveloped countries, such as Ecuador, where the rate is 4.6 per 10,000 children, especially in rural areas with poor hygienic conditions. Symptoms vary from edema and hematuria to acute kidney injury. This study will investigate the prevalence of GNAPE in the population aged 4 to 14 years at the Hospital del Niño “Dr. Francisco Icaza Bustamante” to develop prevention strategies. Methodology: This is a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study that analyzes retrospective data of pediatric patients with GNAPE seen at the Hospital “Dr. Francisco Icaza Bustamante” between January 2022 and January 2024. Data were collected from medical records and processed with SPSS 25 to obtain descriptive statistics and frequencies. Results: The study included 109 patients with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in the Hospital “Dr. Francisco Icaza Bustamante” from January 2022 to January 2024, with a prevalence of 4.4%. The majority were males (57.8%) and were between 6 and 9 years old (53.2%). The most common streptococcal infection was pharyngotonsillitis (63.3%), and the predominant symptoms were hematuria (65.1%) and proteinuria (51.4%). Laboratory parameters showed elevated creatinine (69.7%) and urea (77.1%), and the most frequent complications were nephritic syndrome (44%) and acute renal failure (23.8%). Conclusion: Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis had a prevalence of 4.4% in 109 patients, affecting mainly males aged 6 to 9 years. The key clinical manifestations were hematuria and proteinuria, associated with elevations in creatinine, urea and ASTO, underlining the importance of early diagnosis and renal follow-up.