Caracterización del ductus arterioso permeable en recién nacidos prematuros en el Hospital General del norte de Guayaquil, IESS Los Ceibos, período 2019-2023.

Abstract

Background: patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is one of the most common non-cyanosing heart diseases in premature newborns with a predisposition in girls, ranking third with 5-10%. Low birth weight and gestational age are considered etiological factors. In addition, a review of the literature has found few research studies in Ecuador; however, in 2018 the Ministry of Public Health reported that it is the third cause of death in newborns. Objective: to characterize premature patients up to 36 weeks of age with a diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus at the general hospital of northern Guayaquil, IESS Los Ceibos, in the period 2019 -2023. Materials and methods: descriptive, observational, retrospective design study; the sampling was non-random, calculated in 276 patients, with a quantitative and cross-sectional approach. Results: there was a higher prevalence in males with 51.4% and in late preterm infants (34 to 36 weeks) with 59.1%, 51.2% had an adequate weight (2500 to 3999 g); maternal risk factors associated with premature birth and PDA were urinary tract infection with 45.5% and preeclampsia/eclampsia 16.6%. Cases that resolved spontaneously were 62.3%, while 34.4% required pharmacological closure, with paracetamol at 15 mg/kg/dose being the most commonly used drug before 2 days of birth. In addition, in echocardiographic reports, PDA >2 mm in diameter was the most common with 39.5%. Conclusions: the importance of establishing a protocol for the timely, early and adequate therapeutic management of DAP in premature neonates to reduce complications, associated morbidities and therefore mortality is highlighted.