Caracterización de manifestaciones neuropsiquiátricas en pacientes contagiados de COVID-19 mayores de 18 años atendidos en el Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo en el periodo desde enero del 2021 hasta diciembre del 2023

Abstract

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious pathology whose etiology is coronavirus 2 involved in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), with high mortality rates globally as it is estimated that since the beginning of the pandemic in December 2019 there have been about 29 million deaths. Methodology: a retrospective, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, descriptive study of 170 patients who were within the inclusion criteria was performed through the review of medical records from the hospital's AS400 system. Results: 86 patients (50.58%) were female, 84 (49.41%) male. Headache was present in 127 patients (74.7%) and 43 patients (25.7%) did not present this symptom. It was found that 42 patients (24.7%) did not have myalgia and 128 patients (75.3%) did. It was reported that 51 patients (30%) did not have anosmia, while the remaining 119 (70%) did present anosmia. 98 patients (57.6%) did not present ageusia, while 72 patients (42.4%) did. 148 patients (87.1%) did not have a cerebrovascular event associated with COVID-19, while 22 patients (12.9%) did. 112 patients (65.9%) did not present depression due to the COVID-19 pandemic, while 58 patients (34.1%) did. 90 patients (52.9%) were reported not to present anxiety, while 80 patients (47.1%) did. It was found that 83 patients (48.8%) did present sleep disorders and 87 patients (51.2%) did not. Visual and auditory hallucinations were associated as a poor prognostic factor with 100% mortality in patients who presented them. Conclusions: Headache is the most frequent neurological symptom, depression the most frequently identified psychiatric symptom. The development of visual and auditory hallucinations has been identified as a poor prognostic factor in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.