Prevalencia de los eventos hemorrágicos asociados a la terapia anticoagulante en pacientes con fibrilación auricular atendidos en el Hospital IESS Los Ceibos en el periodo 2021 – 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a cardiac tachyarrhythmia that causes a risk of prothrombotic events, which is why anticoagulation represents a fundamental pillar of its therapy. However, anticoagulation also causes an elevated risk of bleeding complications. Objective: to determine the prevalence of bleeding events associated with anticoagulant therapy in patients with AF treated at the IESS Los Ceibos Hospital in the period 2021 – 2023. Methodology: it is an observational, retrospective, cross- sectional study, which had 306 patients as a sample. with a definitive diagnosis of AF under anticoagulant therapy between 2021 - 2023. Data were collected on the variables age, gender, AF type, anticoagulant drug used, HAS-BLED scale score and the type of hemorrhagic event presented. Results: this study showed that 70% of the patients were men, with a predominant age range of 70 years, the most prevalent type of AF was permanent AF (87.3%). The most prevalent hemorrhagic event was gastrointestinal hemorrhage (40.8%), followed by intracephalic, ocular, hematuria, and respiratory tract hemorrhage; 31% of the sample did not develop hemorrhages. Warfarin reported a greater number of bleeding events in contrast to rivaroxaban. Furthermore, a moderate to severe HAS-BLED score was correlated with an increased risk of developing bleeding. Conclusion: the importance of individualizing anticoagulant therapy in patients with AF is highlighted; proper selection of anticoagulant and rigorous monitoring will minimize the risk of hemorrhagic complications associated with this treatment.