Factores que influyen en la complicación de pacientes con dengue en el Hospital General IESS Babahoyo en el periodo 2020-2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Dengue is a vector-borne disease transmitted by mosquitoes, and in Ecuador, it represents a serious public health issue that has been fought since the 80s with no clear improvement. The increasing trend of the disease, despite control campaigns, reflects a socio-political problem affecting public health. Methodology: This study, conducted at the General Hospital IESS Babahoyo between 2020 and 2023, analysed the factors influencing complications in patients diagnosed with dengue through an observational, retrospective, and cross-sectional investigation. Results: The study demonstrated that the main factors for complications in dengue patients include age, area of residence, comorbidities, and drug use. Adolescents and young adults showed higher prevalence of the disease, while older adults were more prone to complications. Rural areas, with restricted access to medical care, presented more complications. The use of NSAIDs was associated with a higher risk of complications, and delayed hospitalization exponentially increased the complication rate. Conclusion: Dengue is a vector-borne disease that causes problems in the community, affecting vulnerable groups. Despite efforts, its incidence has not decreased significantly. Social factors, inadequate behaviours, and ineffective medical decisions in prioritizing hospitalizations and resources contribute to the persistence of the disease and the rise in complications.