Complicaciones post quirúrgicas de apendicectomías abiertas en pacientes mayores a 18 años con apendicitis aguda asociada a peritonitis atendidos en el Hospital General Monte Sinaí del 2021 al 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Open appendectomy is a crucial technique for treating acute appendicitis in emergencies, but carries a significant risk of postsurgical complications, such as infections and abscesses. The efficacy of surgery can be affected by the technique employed and the use of antibiotics. Although primary and delayed closure are used to reduce complications, there are not always clear differences in their efficacy. This study aims to identify postsurgical complications in patients over 18 years of age with acute appendicitis associated with peritonitis, attended at the “Hospital General Monte Sinai” between 2021 and 2023. Methodology: A descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study was conducted with a retrospective approach, analyzing data from medical records. The investigation included patients who underwent open appendectomies for appendicitis associated with peritonitis. Data were collected and analyzed with SPSS 26.0 software, presenting quantitative and qualitative variables, and the chi-square test was used to determine significant associations. Results: We included 264 patients, finding that the most common complications were surgical site infection (42.6%), intra-abdominal abscess (27.7%) and seroma (23.1%). Although leukocytosis was frequently associated with these complications, no statistically significant relationship was found between leukocytosis and postsurgical complications. Furthermore, no significant association was found between complications and mortality. Conclusion: Surgical site infection was the most frequent complication, affecting 42.6% of patients, indicating possible deficiencies in surgical technique. Although leukocytosis was related to complications, no relationship with mortality was observed.