Prevalencia de patrón riser en hipertensos entre 40 y 50 años, en el Hospital Naval de Guayaquil durante el periodo 2022 y 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Arterial hypertension is a chronic pathology with a high morbidity and mortality rate in the world and Ecuador, it is classified as multifactorial and difficult to manage due to its uncertain origin and variable etiology. Objective: Establish the prevalence of the riser pattern in hypertensive patients between 40 and 50 years of age at the Naval Hospital of Guayaquil during the period 2022-2023. Materials and methods: This is an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study carried out on hypertensive patients treated in the outpatient clinic of the Naval Hospital of Guayaquil during the period 2022-2023. Results: A sample of 103 patients diagnosed with hypertension associated with a positive riser pattern was used, equivalent to 25.9% of the general population studied during the period 2022- 2023. The main modifiable risk factors studied in patients according to their medical histories were BMI and smoking. Regarding the BMI, it was observed that more than 90% of the patients studied were obese or overweight and only 1% of the population was at their ideal weight. On the other hand, active smokers represented only 15% of all patients. The 3 most common non- modifiable risk factors were also analyzed: age, sex and diabetes mellitus, thus obtaining the following results: in age the highest prevalence of cases of the pattern was at 47 years with 18.4%, in sex it was observed that the male gender prevailed with 65% compared to the female with 35% and diabetes mellitus was a variable with little statistical significance, since only 6.8% of patients with the riser pattern suffered from it. Finally, we characterized the most common clinical manifestations, obtaining as results that the majority of patients with hypertensive riser pattern are asymptomatic with a prevalence of 64.1%, however, others presented common manifestations such as headache in 13.6%, palpitations in 8.7%, and tinnitus in 5.8%. Conclusions: It is established that the prevalence of hypertensive patients with riser pattern corresponds to 25.9%. This figure is significant, since the population with which we worked corresponds to people who tend to perform forced labor, with schedule changes, late nights and a high stress index. To date, there are no regional studies, nor global records of the importance of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and its degree of importance for the treatment and prevention of future complications.