Prevalencia de preeclampsia en gestantes adolescentes que acuden al área de ginecología de un hospital de la ciudad de Guayaquil.

Abstract

In the field of obstetrics and maternal health, preeclampsia (a medical disorder characterized by high blood pressure and the presence of protein in the urine during pregnancy) represents a critical area of research. Objective: To determine the prevalence of preeclampsia in adolescent pregnant women who attend the gynecology area of the General Hospital North of Guayaquil IESS Ceibos. Methodological Design: Quantitative, descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study. Population: 100 adolescent pregnant women from the gynecology area of this hospital. Technique: Indirect observation. Instrument: Indirect observation matrix. Results: Of the pregnant women treated in the gynecology area, the majority were aged 16 to 19 years (90%), single (64%), with secondary education (65%), living in urban areas (89%), with a gestational age of 32 to 36 weeks (32%), with a body mass index of overweight (49%), with an obstetric history of primiparity (55%), with a personal pathological history of gestational diabetes (39%). With a normal nutritional status of carbohydrates (70%), calories (60%), proteins (50%) and fats (50%); among the complications, premature birth prevailed (39%). Conclusion: At the Hospital General Norte de Guayaquil IESS Ceibos, the analysis revealed a prevalence of 4.03% of preeclampsia among adolescent pregnant women during the period from January 2022 to December 2023. This finding reflects a moderate presence of the disease in this population, highlighting the need to continue surveillance and preventive interventions to effectively manage preeclampsia in adolescent pregnant women.