Adherencia terapéutica en pacientes con insuficiencia renal que asisten a consulta en un establecimiento de salud de la ciudad de Guayaquil.

Abstract

Introduction: Patients with kidney failure may present serious health conditions when neglecting their treatment, so adherence to it is vital for them to maintain a high quality of life. Objective: To determine therapeutic adherence in patients with kidney failure who attend consultation at a hospital in the city of Guayaquil, 2024. Methodology: Descriptive, quantitative, prospective, cross-sectional. Sample: 100 participants. Results: The study revealed that the majority are women (74%) and young (72% between 19 and 39 years old), with a high educational level (69% university), but a low socioeconomic level (81%). Regarding therapeutic adherence, 73% of patients indicated that work occupations make their treatment difficult, and 65% face problems changing their habits. Regarding complications due to lack of adherence, 24% suffer from anemia, being the most common moderate complication, and 19% suffer from heart disease, the most prevalent serious complication. The degree of adherence showed that 61% of patients are not adherent and 25% reduce the dose when they feel that the disease is under control, which reflects inconsistent adherence and exposes patients to higher risks of complications. In conclusion, the study identified insufficient therapeutic adherence in patients with renal failure, with a prevalence of moderate and severe complications, influenced by sociodemographic factors and barriers in treatment management.