Frecuencia de complicaciones en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica atendidos en la unidad de hemodiálisis ambulatoria en un hospital de la ciudad de Guayaquil, durante el periodo enero a marzo del 2024.

Abstract

Hemodialysis is a type of therapy used to replace kidney function to a certain extent. Patients undergoing this treatment are at risk of experiencing difficulties during the procedure, and there is no control over immediate complications in the places where this treatment is performed. Objective: To determine the frequency of complications that occur in patients with chronic kidney failure treated in the outpatient hemodialysis unit in a hospital in the city of Guayaquil during the period from January to March 2024. Methodological Design: Study with a quantitative, descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional approach. Population: 1,527 patients with chronic kidney failure. Sample: 308 patients who presented post-hemodialysis complications. Technique: Indirect observation. Instrument: Indirect observation matrix. Results: There are majority of cases from 48 to 55 years old (Fr= 66; 21.43%), male sex (Fr= 188; 61.04%), married marital status (Fr= 114; 37.01%), secondary academic education (Fr= 140; 45.45%), urban residence (Fr= 200; 64.94%), mixed ethnicity (Fr= 266; 86.36%), who presented hypertension as a personal pathological history (Fr= 107; 29.32%) and nutritional status as a risk factor (Fr= 230; 75%). After hemodialysis treatment, the main manifestations were general malaise (Fr= 168; 16.52%) and fatigue (Fr= 144; 14.16%). While among post-hemodialysis complications, hypotension is most frequently present (Fr= 72; 23.38%). Conclusion: The frequency of post-hemodialysis complications such as hypotension, myocardial infarction and hypertension, underscores the need for continued care and adoption of specific preventive measures to improve outcomes in this population.