Características clínicas de los neonatos con ictericia ingresados en el área de UCIN de un hospital de Guayaquil de enero 2022 hasta abril 2024.

Abstract

Neonatal jaundice is a change in the color of the skin or eyes to yellow in infants less than 28 days old. Objective: To determine the clinical characteristics of neonates with jaundice admitted to the NICU area of a hospital in the city of Guayaquil. Materials and methods: Descriptive, quantitative, retrospective study. Population and sample: 58 patients with admission diagnosis of neonatal jaundice. Technique: direct observation. Instrument: Indirect observation matrix through the review of medical records. Results: According to the demographic data, 52% were preterm neonates with low birth weight, among the clinical characteristics most frequently presented were hyperbilirubinemia (83%), acute crying (14%), in the findings of the treatment received by the neonates, the authors found that 78% received phototherapy as the main treatment, 17% received exchange transfusion, 10% received intravenous immunoglobulins and 7% received blood transfusion. And the treatment of choice was phototherapy. Conclusions: According to the results it was evidenced that there was a predominance of pathological jaundice in neonates hospitalized in the NICU, most of whom presented hyperbilirubinemia and their management was phototherapy with exchange transfusion. Most of the clinical characteristics found were characterized by hyperbilirubinemia 83% and high-pitched crying.