Soluciones de transporte multimodal en exportación de perecederos del Ecuador.

Abstract

The logistics industry is made up of a series of industrial and technological advances with the objective of marketing products for industrial and local supply; and this process has evolved over the years, preserving the delivery of products in the place, time, quality, cost and time duly agreed between the different distribution channels. Despite its evolution, systematization of processes, development of technologies and globalization did not prevent this industry from being strongly affected by the presence of COVID-19 due to the closure of large sea ports, airports and border closures, significantly affecting the logistics industry as part of the international trade and affecting the world economy since many export cargoes began to have greater control for customs clearance in different destinations around the world. Much import cargo in closed ports could not be removed from the different terminals around the world and this caused a bottleneck in the availability of space and equipment (20 and 40 foot containers), consequently the shipping industry had to pay for this lack of equipment. and space with a rise in maritime freight prices never before seen in world history. The significant increase in maritime freight became relative due to the urgency of certain cargo such as vaccines, medical supplies, perishable cargo for human consumption such as fruits, vegetables that made room to be included on cargo flights to destinations such as the United States and Europe. When we thought we were reactivating ourselves economically and We learned to live with COVID among us, the war conflict began between Russia and Ukraine, who were important importers of perishables in the world, among these we find flowers, bananas, shrimp, among others. For example: Ecuador was tremendously affected by the export of bananas to these countries, but the export of exotic fruits such as passion fruit, pitahaya, and avocado to other destinations has grown. In the case of the flower, a stoppage in exports was evident because from then until now, exporters send their cargo by air to Amsterdam and later it is moved from AmsterdamSchiphol Airport to Russia by land. This is a clear example of how multimodal freight transport can meet demand and boost the global economy. Foreign trade is so varied and dynamic that currently the sea route to Russia has already been reactivated through 2 shipping companies: MSC and Baltic Reefer, who have cornered the market with freight rates of around $11,000. However, a lot of perishable cargo continues to be handled via multimodal and air flights as an alternative for flower and fruit exporters.