Variaciones antropométricas en lactantes con cardiopatía congénita antes y después de cirugía/cateterismo cardiaco en el Hospital Roberto Gilbert Elizalde desde enero 2020 - diciembre 2022.

Abstract

Congenital heart diseases are one of the most common congenital malformations. These can vary in severity from anomalies that do not require treatment to defects that compromise nutritional status or even life, which is why they will undergo immediate surgical intervention and a multidisciplinary approach. The general objective was to determine anthropometric changes and the prevalence of malnutrition, as well as evaluate growth recovery. Material and methods: The methodology included a retrospective design with a review of records, where data from 238 infants were analyzed, using descriptive analyses, contingency tables and graphs to describe and visualize the prevalence of malnutrition according to the type of heart disease. Results: The results highlighted that acute malnutrition was the most common (10.50%), especially among infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Corrective surgery predominated as an intervention (70.6%), and a recovery of growth was observed throughout the first year post-intervention, with improvements in length and weight. Conclusions: The age of surgical correction influenced nutritional status, showing that younger infants were more vulnerable to malnutrition. This study emphasizes the importance of early and specialized nutritional interventions to improve the prognosis of these patients.