Complicaciones de la hipertensión pulmonar persistente del recién nacido en neonatos en el Hospital General Guasmo Sur de enero del 2021 hasta enero del 2022.

Abstract

Introduction: Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a serious medical condition affecting neonates, with a high probability of mortality. Its etiology is multifactorial, with various factors predisposing to its development. It is estimated to affect approximately 3 per 1000 live births, with complications present in at least 10% of cases, and a mortality rate of 20%, which increases in developing countries. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, descriptive study with correlational analysis was conducted using information from medical records of neonates diagnosed with PPHN at the General Hospital Guasmo Sur in Guayaquil. SPSS was used for statistical analysis, including measures of central tendency and correlation tests. Results: A total of 199 cases were analyzed, revealing a high prevalence of prematurity, cesarean deliveries, and low birth weight, with a male predominance. Pneumonia was the leading cause of PPHN, followed by respiratory distress syndrome and meconium aspiration. The most common clinical manifestations were cyanosis, respiratory distress, and low oxygen saturation. Complications such as seizures, haemorrhage, and organ failure were recorded, with a mortality rate of 6.5%. Conclusions: The importance of addressing prenatal and perinatal risk factors is highlighted, as well as the need for preventive and therapeutic strategies to reduce the burden of PPHN. Adequate respiratory management and early intervention are crucial to improving clinical outcomes. Early identification and aggressive management of systemic complications are also emphasized to improve outcomes in patients with PPHN.