Comunicación interventricular en pacientes pediátricos con síndrome de Down en el Hospital IESS Ceibos en el período 2017 al 2022.

Abstract

Introduction: Down Syndrome (DS) affects 1 in every 1,000 live births according to the UN, being one of the most common congenital defects, with ventricular septal defect (VSD) being one of the main ones. Early diagnosis of heart conditions is important because it reduces mortality and morbidity by acting promptly. Objectives: To establish the prevalence of VSD in pediatric patients with DS. Materials and methods: Epidemiological study of a descriptive, cross-sectional, observational, retrospective nature. Information was obtained from the medical records of the AS400 system of the General Hospital of North Guayaquil IESS Ceibos. Excel was used to process the database, and statistical data were analyzed using the SPSS system. Inclusion criteria were patients with DS, aged between 0 months and 14 years 11 months, resulting in a total of 704 patients for the study. Results: Out of the 704 patients studied with DS, 9.23% suffer from VSD, with VSD being the most common heart condition. The most frequent age was in neonates, with no predominance of gender, and no predisposing maternal history of DS or VSD was found. Small VSDs accounted for 70.77%, medium 21.54%, and large 7.69%. Mortality in patients with DS and VSD is 10.76%. Large defects had a higher mortality rate of 60%. Conclusions: The prevalence of VSD in patients with DS is 9.23%. No associated maternal risk factors were established that predispose to the development of VSD. The most frequent degree of VSD is small. Mortality is 60% in large VSDs.