Características epidemiológicas y letalidad de cetoacidosis diabética como complicación aguda de diabetes mellitus en pacientes adultos ingresados al servicio de emergencia en el Hospital de Especialidades Abel Gilbert Pontón en el periodo 2020 – 2022.

Abstract

Introduction: The diabetic ketoacidosis represents an acute complication of significant importance, severity, and high mortality in diabetes mellitus. Approximately 510.000 hospitalizations occur each year due to this condition, with an incidence of 6 to 8 cases per 1000 diabetes patients. Objectives: This study aims to determine the epidemiological characteristics and lethality of diabetic ketoacidosis in adult patients with diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: This study is descriptive, cross-sectional, observational, and retrospective, in adult patients with diabetic ketoacidosis admitted to the emergency department at Abel Gilbert Ponton Specialties Hospital during the period 2020-2022. Microsoft Excel was used to tabulate medical records and cross-tabulations were performed using the SPSS program to obtain research results. Results: The prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis was 33.67%, with males being the most affected gender (55.4%), and the average age was 57- 64 years (26.73%), Diabetic ketoacidosis occurred more frequently in type 2 diabetes mellitus (77.22%) compared to type 1 diabetes mellitus (14.85%). The most common predisposing factor was infections (58.4%), and the mortality rate was 15.5%. Conclusion: The evaluation of the result in this study determinated that this disease occurs more frequently in males, within the age group of 57 to 64 years, with a higher prevalence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Infections were found to be the most common cause and the lethality was at 15,5%.