Prevalencia de deterioro cognitivo en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson atendidos en el Hospital IESS Ceibos durante el periodo 2019 - 2023.

Abstract

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder with motor and non-motor manifestations that impacts annually with 5 and 24 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. In the Province of Manabí, it was estimated in 2017 that approximately 1 in every 100,000 people over the age of 61 had this disease. However, the WHO predicts that these cases will double by 2040. Cognitive impairment, a non-motor manifestation of the disease, is a factor that increases the risk of mortality and has a significant impact on the quality of life of patients with PD, which highlights the need for greater control and proper management of the disease. Objective: To determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease treated at the IESS Ceibos Hospital during the period 2019 - 2023. Methodology: Observational, retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive cohort study involving patients with PD who consulted the neurology service of the Hospital IESS Los Ceibos during the period 2019 - 2023. The data collection technique was used by reviewing medical records. Results: Of the 386 patients studied, 216 patients (56%) were found to be cognitively impaired according to the MoCA scale. Of the total number of affected patients, 58.8% were male; however, there was no significant association between gender and severity of cognitive impairment. In addition, among the most frequent comorbidities we found arterial hypertension and anxiety. When analyzing the relationship between the stages of the disease, according to the Hoehn & Yahr scale, and the development of cognitive impairment, a statistically significant difference was found (p < 0.001). The most used treatments were pharmacological, with levodopa/carbidopa, followed by pramipexole and biperiden. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of cognitive impairment in PD patients with 56% of cases affected according to the MoCA scale.