Prevalencia y factores de riesgo de ictericia neonatal en pacientes pretérmino-tratados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales en el hospital IESS Los Ceibos en el período 2022-2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Globally, hyperbilirubinemia affects between 60 to 80% of newborns. Objectives: This study aims to describe the prevalence of jaundice and to state maternal and fetal risk factors for neonatal jaundice. To characterize the preterm population, and to verify if patients with more risk factors are more likely to develop jaundice. Materials and methods: This study is a cross-sectional, observational, retrospective analytical study, aimed at describing the prevalence of jaundice and maternal fetal risk factors for neonatal jaundice at the Hospital General del Norte IESS Los Ceibos. From a population of 7890 patients, a sample of 385 was collected. Using the SPSS28 program for Windows, the results of likelihood ratio were graphed. Results: A prevalence of 27.5% of neonatal jaundice was observed. Female sex predominated (56.1%) over male. The most recurrent risk factor was urinary tract infection, present in 88.7% of the sample. Patients with blood incompatibility were 9 times more likely to develop jaundice. 2 or more risk factors were associated with an increased likelihood of developing hyperbilirubinemia. Discussion: The prevalence was similar to the research conducted by Cristóbal Diaz. Blood incompatibility was present in 50%, as in the study by Carlos Rodríguez. Both here and in the study by Heli Diaz, urinary tract infection is a recurrent risk factor. Conclusion: A significant prevalence of neonatal jaundice was observed. The most recurrent risk factor was urinary tract infection, however, the only one showing a positive association is blood incompatibility. The presence of more risk factors increases the incidence of neonatal jaundice.