Prevalencia de preeclampsia, y complicaciones severas en primigestas juveniles de 10 a 19 años en el Hospital General Monte Sinaí, del periodo de febrero del 2022 a noviembre del 2023.

Abstract

Preeclampsia is characterized by persistent elevated blood pressure, manifesting after 20 weeks of gestation or within the first 4 days postpartum. Pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders include chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia. Preeclampsia symptoms include changes in creatinine levels, epigastric or hypochondrial pain, decreased urine output, thrombocytopenia, visual problems, tinnitus, headache, and pulmonary edema. This condition is more common in pregnant women who are primiparous, under 20 years old, or over 35 years old. Early detection is crucial, as preeclampsia can cause serious complications such as fetal growth restriction, premature birth, placental abruption, HELLP syndrome, eclampsia, damage to other organs, or cardiovascular disease. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of preeclampsia and severe complications in adolescent primiparous women at the Hospital General Monte Sinai between February 2022 and November 2023. This non-experimental quantitative study analyzed 134 medical records of pregnant women in the hospital. The results revealed an increase in the prevalence of preeclampsia in adolescent primiparous women, with 2.72% in 2022 and 3.4% in 2023. Among the most severe complications were premature birth in 8.5% of cases, eclampsia in 12.4%, and HELLP syndrome in 4.9%.