Estado nutricional en pacientes con labio leporino y/o fisura del paladar de 0 hasta 6 años de edad en el Hospital General del Norte IESS Ceibos entre el año 2017 y el 2022.

Abstract

Introduction: Cleft lip and palate affect 1 in every 1.000 live births worldwide according the WHO and in Ecuador the INEC estimates 144.210 cases between 2010 and 2018. Objectives: This study seeks to establish relationship between nutritional status and cleft lip and/or cleft palate. To identify the highest prevalence of low nutritional status, the most affected age group, and the prevalence of cleft lip without cleft palate. Materials and methods: The present study is of relational, crosssectional, retrospective, observational nature to establish a relationship between nutritional status and cleft lip and/or cleft palate in patients from 0 to 6 years at de HGNG IESS Ceibos (2017 and 2022). Of 1.375 patients, 130 met de criteria for the investigation. With the help of the SPSS28 program for Windows, cross tables, Pearson’s Chi-Square tests and likelihood ratio were performed. Results: 41,5% were underweight. The male sex had a higher prevalence of low nutritional status (55,6%), especially those between one month and twelve months. Both pathologies (64,6%) occurred more frequently than in isolation (35,4%). Discussion: The study matches with Jeong Yeop Ryu in the high prevalence of low weight. Men presented greater malnutrition and overweight. Most malformations occurred between 1 and 12 months, supporting Cazar Almache et al. (0-1 month) and Lozada Dayana (6-9 months). Both here and in Jeong Yeop Ryu Study, cleft lip with palate was more common than isolates malformations. Conclusions: a higher prevalence of low weight was observed in patients with orofacial malformations, especially in men. Mos common nutritional alterations were found between the first and twelfth month. Coexistence of cleft lip and palate overcame isolated malformations. Association between nutritional status and dysphagia, not with sex.