Factores de riesgo asociados a cardiopatía isquémica en pacientes intervenidos por cirugía de revascularización del miocardio en el Hospital Alcívar, en el periodo enero 2018 a diciembre 2022.

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), according to WHO, represent the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) states that cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death in Latin America, claiming 2 million lives each year. In Ecuador, the prevalence is increasing, according to INEC data in 2019, ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death with 8,779 deaths, representing 11.8% of deaths registered at this time, currently representing a public health problem. Objective: Objective: To determine the factors associated with ischemic heart disease in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization at Hospital Alcívar, from January 2018 to December 2022. Methodology: correlational, observational, retrospective, retrospective, crosssectional and descriptive study, involving patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy who were intervened by the cardiovascular surgery service for myocardial revascularization procedure at Hospital Alcívar during the study period. The method used was the review of medical records in the database of the Hospital Alcívar on the dates mentioned. Results: From the initial 1392 subjects, a sample size calculation was made and randomly selected, resulting in a sample of 302 patients, 221 of whom had undergone revascularization. The mean age was 66.5 years. A total of 85.1% were male and 14.9% were female. Some 80.1% had hypertension, 48.9% had diabetes mellitus, 23.5% were smokers and 21.3% had dyslipidemia. 67.4% were of unstable angina pectoris type and 32.6% were of acute myocardial infarction type. Conclusions: In our study subjects’ arterial hypertension is the most frequent modifiable risk factor. Age and male sex are the most frequent non-modifiable risk factors.