Prevalencia de la insuficiencia cardíaca aguda en pacientes hipertensos que ingresa al área emergencia del Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos.

Abstract

Acute heart failure is a condition in which the heart experiences a sudden inability to maintain adequate blood flow to meet the demands of the body. Objective: To determine the prevalence of acute heart failure in hypertensive patients admitted to the emergency area of a hospital in the city of Guayaquil. Methodology: The study applied a descriptive, quantitative, retrospective, cross-sectional design. Technique: Indirect observation. Instrument: Observation matrix. Population: 108 patients. Results: 63.9% corresponded to men and 36.1% to women, aged between 71 and 80 years 45.4%. With personal history of uncontrolled arterial hypertension 73.1%; diabetes mellitus type 2 (46.3%), followed by 41.7% for ischemic heart disease, infectious diseases 26.9%, anemia 23.1% and chronic kidney disease 23.1%, valvulopathy 21.3%, alcoholism 9.3%, smoking 8.3% and drug addiction 3.7%, surgeries 7.4%. The most frequent clinical manifestations were fatigue 43.5%, chest pain 43.5%, sleep disturbances 36.1%, dyspnea 32.4%, anasarca 25.0%, abdominal distension 19.4%, malleolar edema with fovea 13.9% paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 12.0%, jugular ingurgitation 10.2%, abdominal pain 10.2%, oliguria 9.3%; nocturnal cough 8.3%, orthopnea 7.4% and ascites 5.6%. Complementary techniques were Electrocardiogram (ECG) 61.1%; Biomarkers 47.2%; Arterial gasometry 41.7%; Chest X-ray 38.0%; Chest computed tomography 38.0%; Transthoracic echocardiography 33.3% and Angiography 22.2%. Conclusions: The prevalence was 9.45%, determined that for every 100 hypertensive patients approximately 9 presented acute heart failure.