Caracterización clínica de pacientes con prolapso de válvula mitral en el Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo durante el periodo 2017-2022.

Abstract

Mitral valve prolapse is a common disease of the mitral valve known as the most common cause of primary mitral regurgitation. It usually presents as an asymptomatic pathology without presenting complications if a proper diagnosis is made from a physical examination based on echocardiography showing a thickening of the valve leaflets greater than or equal to 2 mm. Methods: It is a descriptive, retrospective, observational and cross-sectional study where 152 patients from the Cardiology area of the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital were included in the period 2017-2022. Age, sex, etiological classification, symptomatology, electrocardiographic changes, MVP severity and complications were considered as associated variables. Results: It occurs with higher prevalence in female patients, with an age range between 30-39 years, with a mean age of 42 years and median of 38 years. More than 50% of the cases studied were asymptomatic, however, the most specific symptomatology was palpitations, as well as most patients in their EKG presented sinus rhythm, the most prevalent arrhythmia was sinus tachycardia. Conclusions: Mitral valve prolapse is the main cause of primary mitral insufficiency, presenting a significant prevalence around the world, with a predominance in the female sex. Its most common symptomatology is palpitations, dyspnea and precordial pain, although the vast majority is usually asymptomatic. It does not usually present complications unless the prolapse generates mitral insufficiency.