Anomalías estructurales y funcionales cardiacas en el síndrome de abstinencia neonatal : observaciones en neonatos de madres con historia de consumo de drogas, Hospital Roberto Gilbert Elizalde, período 2018 – 2022.

Abstract

Background: Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is poorly described in Ecuador, a country with a high incidence of consumption of psychotropic substances. The SAN is responsible for significant heart disease in neonates. Aim: To describe the structural and functional cardiac alterations in a group of neonatal patients with NAS treated at Hospital Roberto Gilbert Elizalde (HRGE) between the years 2018-2022. Methods: Observational and retrospective study. Neonates of mothers who have reported consumption of psychotropic substances during pregnancy were included. Those neonates without echocardiography were excluded. Results: 55 newborns of mothers with consumption during pregnancy. In 35 (63.6%) the birth was at term, 27 (49.1%) female. In the first 12 hours after birth, the Finnegan scale classified absence of NAS in 19 (34.5%), mild NAS in 13 (23.6%), moderate in 21 (38.2%), and severe in 2 (3.6%). A toxicological study identified a drug in 24 cases: 9/24 morphine, 7/24 barbiturates, 6/24 cocaine, 6/24 heroin, and 3/24 other opiates. Finally, pharmacological treatment was offered to 50/55 (91%) neonates. In 7 neonates (14%) there was heart disease: 3/7 (42.8%) ventricular septal defect, 1/7 (14.3%) atrial septal defect, 1/7 coarctation of the aorta, 1/7 myxoid mitral valve and 1/7 ductus arteriosus persistent pathological Conclusion: NAS is a highly frequent entity among newborns of mothers who consume psychotropic substances during pregnancy. This pathology is observed more after consumption of different opioids. The presence of pathological cardiac alterations is also a frequent consequence, with ventricular septal defect being the most frequently observed.