Factores de riesgo asociados a tuberculosis activa en pacientes con enfermedades reumatológicas autoinmunes en el Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo en el periodo 2018-2020.

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection that generally attacks the lungs directly and given the existence of 160 new patients in 2021 within the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Specialty Hospital in the city of Guayaquil, it was proposed as a general objective to identify the risk factors associated with active tuberculosis in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases within said medical unit itself, where the prevalence of the risk factors that are causing said scenario is unknown. A theoretical approach to the main associative aspects that affect the development of TBA and medical prognosis in each scenario is generated. To verify these effects, a prospective, descriptive and correlational observational methodology with a quantitative and cross-sectional approach is used under the clinical history of 349 patients in the TBA area. In the associative study of biological therapy and Active TB, the highest predominance was obtained by Methotrexate with 31.6% (n = 6/19) using Methotrexate; 10.5% (n = 2/19) use Etanercept; 10.5% (n = 2/19) used Etanercept + methotrexate; 10.5% Rituximab (n = 2/19) and 10.5% Tociliximab (n = 2/19). Regarding the use of corticosteroids, only patients who use doses of prednisone were involved, highlighting that it is an aspect of little significance and low impact with RR=0.0006. Regarding the risk factor that patients with rheumatic diseases have, it is identified that smoking and having a relative with TB is one of the main factors for the development of TBA. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out constant studies and precautionary measures by the health directive to adequately, early and effectively treat patients prone to developing TBA in the hospital.