Prevalencia de infecciones fúngicas oportunistas en pacientes hospitalizados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo en el periodo comprendido entre enero 2016 a enero 2021.

Abstract

Introduction: Opportunistic fungal infections represent a major challenge in hospitals due to the increased incidence in patients with immunological disorders, a situation that makes the identification of the etiological agent and associated risk factors essential. Methodology: It is a retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive observational study in which information was collected from January 2016 to January 2021 by reviewing medical records using the AS400 of Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital, with a total of 284 patients. Results: the prevalence of opportunistic fungal infections (OIF) in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients was 34.5%. Pneumocystis jirovecii was the most frequently isolated etiological agent, with 35.7%, Aspergillus spp with 33.7%, Candida spp with 16.3% and Cryptococcus spp with 14.3%. The risk factors that presented a p value with statistical significance (<0.005) and an OR value greater than 1, interpreted as a greater probability of being associated with mortality in patients with OFI, were the use of corticosteroids, with OR 2.530, hematologic malignancy, with OR 3.850, solid organ neoplasia with OR 2740; ICU stay with OR 2.580 and hospitalization with OR 4.690 and use of central catheter with an OR of 2.050. The mortality rate due to OFI in ICU patients was 54.5%. Conclusion: Opportunistic fungal infections in ICU patients need to be considered due to the high morbidity and mortality they present. To reduce the mortality rate of such infections, it is necessary to increase the epidemiological surveillance of the causal agents and a diagnostic approach based on risk factors.