Anemia como factor de riesgo de aparición de crisis convulsivas febriles en niños de 6 meses a 5 años de edad del Hospital Francisco de Icaza Bustamante durante el período 2017-2020.

Abstract

Introduction: Febrile seizure has been defined as a phenomenon that occurs between three months and five years of age and it is directly related to fever. It affects between 2-5% of children between 6 months and 5 years of age worldwide. Several risk factors have also been identified, including neurodevelopmental delay, certain vaccines, and family history. The evidence regarding the association with nutritional factors is divided according to previous studies. It is known that anemia is the most common hematological disease in childhood and shares an age group with febrile seizures. Objective: Analyze the association between anemia as a possible risk factor in the febrile seizure’s appearance 6 months and 5 years children admitted in the Francisco de Icaza Bustamante Hospital during years 2017-2020. Methodology: Case-control, observational and analytical study. Control group, 125 patients included children from 6 months to 5 years old with febrile seizures who attended the emergency room during 2017-2020 The control group of 60 patients, children from 6 months to 5 years without seizures, attended in emergency room as febrile syndrome. Results: It is an association between the presence of anemia and the appearance of febrile seizures with an OR= 2.23 [1.127 -4.414] p=0.021, likewise younger infants have an OR=4.961[95% CI 1.476-16.673] p=0.010. Furthermore, weight gain is a protective factor OR= 0.355 [95% CI 0.210- 1.362], p=0.049. Conclusions: Anemic patients have a high probability of having seizures. Moreover, we also found an association with other variables such as low weight and short height.