Tamizaje cardiológico neonatal por oximetría de pulso como método para la detección temprana de cardiopatías congénitas en el Hospital General Guasmo Sur, servicio de neonatología en el año 2021.

Abstract

Congenital heart disease is one of the most common congenital defects of the heart or large intrathoracic vessels, which can pose a risk to the life of the newborn. Pulse oximetry screening is a non-invasive method, easy to perform and interpret, and inexpensive, with which this type of pathology can be investigated, favoring early diagnosis and, therefore, timely treatment. Objective: To detect congenital heart diseases by pulse oximetry screening in newborns born in the Hospital General Guasmo Sur, the neonatology service in 2021. Methodology: A cross-sectional, observational, and analytical study was performed through the retrospective review of clinical records. Results: A population of 888 neonates was obtained, where 90.42% obtained normal oximetry values (negative screening), while 9.56% values less than 95% (positive screening). Only 20.05% underwent transthoracic echocardiography; of this group, 81.2% had negative screening, while 18.79% had positive screening. A sensitivity of 18% was obtained, specificity of 93%, positive predictive value of 6%, and negative predictive value of 81%. Among the most frequent cardiac pathologies are patent foramen ovale (78.19%), patent ductus arteriosus (12.78%) and atrial septal defect (4.51%). Conclusions: The sensitivity of pulse oximetry screening is associated with the severity of congenital heart disease, which increases in cases of critical pathologies that put the life of the newborn at risk.