Prevalencia de infecciones oportunistas en pacientes VIH positivo con niveles de CD4 menores a 400, atendidos en el Hospital General Guasmo Sur durante el período 2018-2020.

Abstract

Introduction: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the chronic and progressive process of the patient's state, also known as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is accompanied by various manifestations and complications caused by the infection of a retrovirus belonging to the family of lentiviruses whose objective is to destroy the cells that are responsible for the expression of the CD4 molecule in its membrane, so that based on the HGGS data an attempt is made to determine the prevalence and the relationship in this type of patients with the most frequent opportunistic infections of the institution. Objective: To determine the prevalence of opportunistic infections in HIV positive patients with CD4 levels below 400, treated at the Guasmo Sur General Hospital during the period from 2018 to 2020. Methodology: An observational, retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive research was carried out at the Guasmo Sur General Hospital, during the period of time between 2018 and 2020 Results: In a population of 1106 patients studied, 174 are associated with opportunistic infections (15.73%). 141 (81%) are male and 33 (19%) are female. The most frequent age range is between 30 and 40 years (43%). The most frequent opportunistic infection is Pulmonary Tuberculosis (53%). The CD4 T lymphocyte level range in which the highest prevalence of opportunistic infections was found is between 100 and 200 cells/uL (41%). Conclusion: The opportunistic infections that are most prevalent, according to the order of the frequency observed through the analysis of the information obtained, were: Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Kaposi's Sarcoma, Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis, Toxoplasmosis, Syphilis, Histoplasmosis, Herpes Zoster, Candidiasis, Cryptococcosis , Hepatitis B, Human Papilloma Virus and Cytomegalovirus.