Riesgos psicosociales laborales en los docentes de una unidad educativa a causa del home office, en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19, en las provincias de Santa Elena y Galápagos.

Abstract

This research has as a general objective to identify occupational psychosocial risks in teachers of an educational institution due to home office, in the context of the COVID- 19 pandemic, in the provinces of Santa Elena and Galapagos" and presents a quantitative research approach with an analytical method and descriptive research level. To reach the objective, the theories used in this work are based on two determinants that allow us to understand the behavior of psychosocial risk factors in the work environment of teachers who work in the educational institution in teleworking mode. In this aspect, we have Frederick Hezberg's Bifactorial Theory which allows us to explain the behavior of people in the workplace by referring to factors (extrinsic and intrinsic) based on this, the extrinsic factors are those external factors that affect the working conditions; In relation to the theory, an instrument was applied in the study that evaluates risk factors outside the workplace to identify the behavior of teachers in two educational institutions, one public and one private. However, intrinsic factors are those that affect the internal environment of the worker, influencing the person's satisfaction and actions. For this purpose, the ISTAS-21, a psychosocial risk measurement instrument was applied, which allows internal evaluation of the worker's psychosocial risk factors, from two dimensions: 1) Social support in the company and quality of leadership; and, 2) psychological demands. In this aspect, the results indicated that the institution of Santa Elena in all the subdimensions of "Social Support" and "Psychological Demand", a level of Low Risk was identified, while in the dimension "Extra work" its great majority is divided into: "No Risk" and "Low Risk", which means that these symptoms can affect teachers to a low degree and must be controlled in the Santa Elena educational institution. However, the Galapagos institution detected in the psychosocial risk factors, that half is divided into medium and low risk among the factors: Social Support, Psychological Demand and Extra Labor, which means that the Insular Region requires a greater degree of attention, that the institution of Galapagos.