Relación del virus del papiloma humano y el carcinoma espino celular en la cavidad bucal.

Abstract

Introduction: Spiny cell carcinoma (SCC) is a neoplasm of malignant origin and represents 2 to 3% of neoplasms of malignant origin and 90% of neoplasms occurring in the oral cavity. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA virus belonging to the Papilloma-Viridae family and classified into several low, intermediate and high carcinogenic risk subtypes. Objective: To analyze the relationship between human papillomavirus and spiny cell carcinoma in the oral cavity. Materials and Methods: The present research is a qualitative, descriptive, nonexperimental analytical, retrospective and cross-sectional approach. About 150 articles were selected for which 33 articles were analyzed and selected which met the inclusion criteria, including articles from 2011 to 2021. Results: The most frequent carcinogenic HPV serotypes that appear in the oral cavity causing the appearance of a malignant neoplasm are 16, 18, more frequently in the tongue, floor of the mouth and oropharynx. Spiny cell carcinoma affects older people between 30 and 40 years of age, mostly men, and is commonly associated with the appearance of some risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, genetics and human papillomavirus, especially in high-risk types considered carcinogenic. HPV detection methods include highly sensitive molecular tests such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Conclusion: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the risk factors for the appearance of malignant and aggressive neoplasia such as spine cell carcinoma (SCC) in the oral cavity since it shares similarities in the mucosa with the uterine cervix, causing these carcinogenic serotypes to be of great compatibility for HPV infection.