Factores de riesgo de infectividad bucal en pacientes pediátricos. Revisión de la literatura.

Abstract

Introduction: The window of oral infectivity described by Caufield (1995) is the period susceptible to contracting microorganisms in the oral cavity, while the earlier the colonization by cariogenic bacteria, the greater the risk of having caries in the short term. Studies reveal that the mother is the main source for the infant to acquire cariogenic bacteria that are transmitted vertically and horizontally by direct and indirect routes. Purpose: To determine the risk factors of the oral infectivity window that occur in infants. Materials and methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out, with a retrospective qualitative approach with a non-experimental descriptible design. To obtain data, 35 articles were used. The variables used were: age, type of transmission, main microorganism, preventive measures in pregnant women and preventive measures in infants. Results: The most susceptible age is between 19 and 31 of age, the main microorganism is Streptococcus mutans, which is transmitted mainly vertically (mother to child), which is why preventive measures are needed in pregnant women such as dental check-ups. And balanced diet and oral higiene care in infants. Conclusion: The most susceptible age in the window of oral infectivity is in a range of 19 to 31 months by the existence of deciduous molars that have greater retention on ther surfaces, to avoid suceptibility to caries, preventive meausures are necessary in pregnant women and infants.