Caracterización de las dinámicas socio-económicas de la migración de los ciudadanos venezolanos hacia Ecuador.

Abstract

This research work aims to analyze the main characteristics of the socioeconomic dynamics of Venezuelan emigrants who enter Ecuador, among them skilled and unskilled migrants. When carrying out an analysis of the research in different bibliographic sources, we can say that Ecuador has become a receiving country for emigrants, due to the large number of foreigners who have arrived in the country, attracted by the currency "the dollar." Due to the great demand for work and the few job offers, it has caused Ecuadorians to begin to discriminate against foreigners, especially Venezuelans, who have been suffering different types of abuse and mistreatment, as a consequence of being undocumented and being compared for those Venezuelans who have carried out criminal acts and murders of Ecuadorians. However, some professional Venezuelans as of 2013, emigrated under favorable conditions, with their documents in order and even with secure jobs, through some programs, including the Prometheus Program, promoted by the previous Ecuadorian government “Eco. Rafael Correa". After the arrival of COVID-19, Ecuadorian citizens suffered great consequences, due to the great recession in the country's economy, when exports and imports were restricted, added to the fall in the price of oil and the paralysis of public transport and closures of premises commercial. It is important to mention that the emigrants despite having international organizations that watch over them, faced with this pandemic, many illegal Venezuelans did not receive help from the national government Lcdo. Lenin Moreno, nor did they receive medical attention from the Ministry of Public Health (MSP), as a result of not having an Ecuadorian ID, being very difficult to obtain it due to its costs. Regarding the remittances that leave Ecuador to other countries, we have Colombia, Peru, Mexico, China, with the highest index for the commercial activity that are handled due to the low price of their products. Venezuelans, despite earning less than the basic because they are illegal, make an effort and send the little that remains after paying their expenses in Ecuador, although many of them prefer to send them through Colombia through a bank account or with a family member. because when making the shipment by an agency they have to pay 10% of the amount.