Prevalencia de enfermedades sistémicas en pacientes con diagnóstico de hipoacusia neurosensorial en el servicio de otorrinolaringología del Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo durante el periodo 2018 - 2020.

Abstract

Introduction: Hypoacusia or hearing loss is the loss of hearing capacity, whether it is transient or permanent, which corresponds to a massive health issue within the Ecuadorian people as well as worldwide. Risk factors for hypoacusia have been well studied; however, there is little information on the prevalence of preexistent systemic diseases among patients with a neurosensorial bilateral hypoacusia diagnosis. Objective: Identify the prevalence of patients with systemic diseases that were diagnosed with neurosensorial hypoacusia at the Otorhinolaryngology service of the “Teodoro Maldonado Carbo” hospital during 2018 to 2020. Materials and methods: From a total of 201 patients who had a diagnosis of neurosensorial bilateral hypoacusia at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo hospital, 181 of them had systemic diseases and matched the inclusion criteria. Some data as the severity of hypoacusia, consumption of ototoxic drugs and risk factors of patients were collected form their medical records. Results: 90% of patients with neurosensorial bilateral hypoacusia had systemic diseases. The most prevalent were: arterial hypertension (67,24%) and diabetes mellitus (31,30%), followed by hypothyroidism (13,93%). Men with hypoacusia were more frequent than women (58%) and the common age group were the elderly (76,24%). Conclusions: The prevalence of systemic diseases is nearly the total of patients who had neurosensorial bilateral hypoacusia. The first two prevalent diseases match with the most frequent within the general population. The fact that hypothyroidism is third in the list suggests a possible relationship between the diseases for further study