Prevalencia hiponatremia en trauma cráneo encefálico en el Hospital Clínica Alcívar año 2018 a 2020.

Abstract

Introduction: Sodium is the electrolyte with the highest concentration in extracellular fluid, head trauma has a regulatory mechanism on cellular edema and excreting sodium from brain cells to maintain correct cerebral perfusion. Objective: To identify the prevalence of hyponatremia in patients with head trauma who are admitted to the emergency area at Hospital Alcívar from 2018 to 2020. Materials and methods: Retrospective observational study, carried out at Hospital Clínica Alcívar in patients with hyponatremia who are admitted for the emergency area of said hospital with head trauma. Results: A total of 312 patients were analyzed, data collected that were tabulated and crossed tables were made with variables: age, gender, degree of hyponatremia, reason for admission and Glasgow Score. Finding a higher prevalence of affected in men over women with 63.8%, the main cause of admission of the group studied was a traffic accident with 56.1%, the mean sodium was 130.68 mEq / L. The mild Glasgow score has a mild hyponatraemia prevalence while a moderate and severe Glasgow score is prevalent for severe hyponatraemia. The association between a low Glasgow Score and hyponatremia of greater complexity was analyzed with a significance level of p <0.05, resulting in dependence on variables with a p value of 0.001. Conclusions: Hydroelectrolyte alterations are present mainly in patients suffering from Head Trauma, the severity of hyponatremia is directly related to the severity of the TBI, prevailing in the moderate and severe groups, finally the severe ones present with a greater alteration of the sensorium according to the Glasgow coma scale